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- <text id=94TT1417>
- <link 94TO0210>
- <link 94HT0039>
- <title>
- Oct. 17, 1994: Cover:Behavior:Should We Believe It?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Oct. 17, 1994 Sex in America
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- COVER/BEHAVIOR, Page 70
- But Should We Believe It?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Fascinating, surprising--even shocking. But accurate? With
- any survey, there is a risk that respondents will exaggerate,
- omit facts or otherwise fail to tell the whole truth and nothing
- but the truth. Especially on sensitive subjects like sexual
- behavior. There is also the risk that the sample will not represent
- a fair cross section. Both of these problems have plagued earlier
- sex surveys, including the landmark reports issued by Alfred
- Kinsey in the 1940s and '50s. The team from the University of
- Chicago that produced the new study was determined to do better.
- </p>
- <p> Kinsey thought he'd never get a random sample of people to talk
- about sex--and in the inhibited atmosphere of his day he was
- probably right. He settled for what social scientists call a
- "sample of convenience," finding volunteers where he could.
- His numbers were huge--some 11,000 people--but selective
- and self-selected. In later years, mail-in surveys conducted
- by magazines like Playboy and Redbook and by Shere Hite were
- still less representative. Even Masters and Johnson called their
- own classic study "admittedly prejudiced."
- </p>
- <p> The Chicago team avoided this trap. Working with the school's
- National Opinion Research Center (NORC), the team began by using
- computers to select addresses at random. Then they chose which
- member of the household to interview, again at random. Next
- they rigorously trained a cadre of 220 interviewers on the delicate
- art of conducting a frank discussion of sex. "Our feeling was
- that you could get people to talk about anything if you approach
- them right," says Edward Laumann, a sociologist at the University
- of Chicago.
- </p>
- <p> The interviews were conducted in person, though there was also
- a confidential form that included questions about masturbation
- and income. Many subjects were reluctant to participate, but
- the pollsters kept trying--making up to 15 visits in some
- cases to win them over. In the end an impressive 79% of the
- sample group of 4,369 took part. There were built-in safeguards:
- some questions were asked more than once in different ways,
- ensuring that only a motivated liar could easily convey misinformation.
- Of the major sex surveys to date, says sociologist Ira Reiss
- of the University of Minnesota, this was "probably the best
- thought out and has the broadest coverage."
- </p>
- <p> Inevitably, there are criticisms. One is that the absence of
- women among the study's directors could have skewed the questions.
- Doubts have also been raised about whether personal interviews
- could elicit truly candid answers to intimate questions. In
- addition, the sample is too small to look in detail at some
- groups, like homosexuals. But their careful work, the team writes,
- "has convinced us that this sample is an excellent one from
- which we can make generalizations about sex in America." And,
- they emphasize, "we do so with confidence."
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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